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Counterstrain Principles

Counterstrain is an indirect technique that shortens the muscle harboring a tenderpoint. The point is monitored while the body part is positioned to reduce tenderness, held for approximately 90 seconds, then slowly returned to neutral.

The tenderpoint is not forced; the position is the one that reduces tenderness by 70% or more.

Common Tenderpoints

LocationMuscle / region
OcciputSuboccipital muscles
Anterior C7Scalene / prevertebral
Medial scapulaRhomboids / middle trapezius
Posterior ASISIliacus / psoas
Medial kneeMedial hamstrings / adductors

Facilitated Positional Release

FPR combines positioning in ease with a facilitating force (compression, traction, or rotation). The added force is maintained while the tissues release, then the position is slowly unwound.

Indications

  • Acute and chronic somatic dysfunction with tenderpoints.
  • Patients who cannot tolerate high-velocity or direct stretching.
  • Post-traumatic muscle spasm and guarding.
Q: How long is a counterstrain position typically held?

A: Approximately 90 seconds, followed by a slow return to neutral.

Q: Is counterstrain direct or indirect?

A: Indirect, because the muscle is placed in a shortened or eased position.